Transhumance is an ancestral practice that consists of the seasonal movement of livestock in search of fresh pastures, adapting to the seasons of the year.
For centuries, it has been an essential way of life for many rural communities in various parts of the world and today, despite changes in modern agriculture and animal husbandry, transhumance remains relevant not only as a cultural tradition, but also as a practice that promotes environmental sustainability and animal welfare.
Today, transhumance continues to play a crucial role in the conservation of natural ecosystems. As herders guide their flocks along traditional routes, the animals help to regenerate pastures, control the growth of shrubs and weeds, and naturally fertilize the soil. This constant movement prevents overgrazing in specific areas, allowing ecosystems to regenerate between seasons.
In addition, transhumance promotes biodiversity. By moving between different natural areas, herds contribute to nutrient cycling and facilitate seed dispersal, which promotes the health of grasslands and mountain areas. This is especially relevant in a context of climate change, as sustainable pasture management is crucial to mitigate desertification and preserve natural resources.
Allowing animals to graze freely reduces reliance on concentrated feed, minimizes energy use and reduces the carbon footprint associated with raising livestock.
Animal welfare is a central component of transhumance. The animals benefit from a life in the open air, in contact with nature, and enjoy a more natural and varied diet, which translates into better health and less use of medication.
The quality of products derived from these animals, such as milk and meat, is often superior compared to intensively farmed products, which appeals to consumers concerned about sustainability and the ethical origin of food.
Despite its benefits, transhumance faces several challenges today. Urbanization, territorial fragmentation and the abandonment of rural areas have reduced the number of shepherds practicing this tradition. In addition, economic pressure has led many to opt for more intensive and profitable livestock farming models in the short term.
However, in response to the growing demand for sustainable and ecological products, transhumance is experiencing a resurgence that is being supported by government support programs, initiatives to preserve traditional routes and the promotion of certified local products.
